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As AI transitions from text to brain data, Brain Foundation Models (BFMs) are rapidly emerging. Trained on massive neural datasets like EEGs and fMRIs, these powerful systems can decode human thoughts and predict health outcomes. However, our legal frameworks are not keeping pace. From compromised data consent and reidentification risks to massive gaps in HIPAA and FDA regulations, this article maps the urgent legal, privacy, and governance challenges reshaping the future of neurotechnology.

Cybersecurity focuses on firewalls, yet the human mind remains the most vulnerable layer. At hour nineteen of an incident, cognitive degradation—impaired memory and reactive thinking—becomes a target for adversaries who time attacks to exploit exhaustion. While "neurorights" debates in Chile and the EU focus on data privacy, they ignore the brain as an operational asset. As neurotech like EEG "e-tattoos" enters the workplace, we must legally codify cognitive security.

Neurotechnology is no longer science fiction. With countries already legislating on "neurorights," the legal profession must face a difficult question: how will brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) impact the Bar? Nahed Hadid examines the legal and ethical boundaries of neuro-monitoring in pupillage and tenancy. This article breaks down the risks to privacy, consent, and equality under the Equality Act 2010, inviting a vital debate on safeguarding fairness in an age of emerging neurosurveillance.